Wednesday, February 15, 2017

Atlantic Revolutions, Global Echoes (Week VI)

Atlantic Revolution in a Global Context

  • Atlantic Revolutions in North America, France Haiti, and Latin America
  • Distinctive in that they were closely connected to one another 
  • American, Thomas Jefferson, was the U.S. ambassador to France on the eve of the French Revolution
  • Simon Bolivar, Spanish American, twice visited Haiti
  • New ideas of liberty, equality, free trade, religious tolerance, republicanism, and human rationality where in the air
  • Popular sovereignty - authority to govern derived from the people rather than from God or from established tradition
The North American Revolution, 1775-1787
  • A struggle for independence from British rule
  • Less poverty, more economic opportunity, fewer soul differences, and easier relationships among the classes than in Europe
  • Ideas of enlightenment - Popular sovereignty, natural rights, the content of the governed 
  • Went to war, by 1781 they had prevailed with aid from the French 
  • Revolution accelerated the established democratic tendencies of the colonial societies
The French Revolution, 1789-1815
  • Awakened by the American revolution 
  • Declaration of the Right of Man and Citizen launched the French Revolution 
  • Revolution driven by sharp conflicts within French society 
  • "men are born and remain free and equal in rights"
  • Women unlike in the Americas were involved and raised question for female political equality
Haitian Revolution, 1791-1804
  • French Revolution lit several fuses and see win motion a spiral of violence 
  • A war between social classes
  • The only completely successful slave revolt in world history 
  • First non-European state to emerge from Western colonialism 
Spanish American Revolution, 1810-1825
  • Shaped by North America, French, and Haiti Revolutions as well as by their own distinctive societies
  • Divided by class, race, and region
  • Napoleon invaded Spain and Portugal
  • Latin Americans were forced to take action .. independence for the various states of Latin America
 The Abolition of Slavery 1780-1790
  • Enlightenment thinkers thought critical of slavery as violation of natural rights
  • Slavery was not essential for economic progress
  • Haitian Revolution led to rebellions, demonstrated that slaves weren't content
  • Abolition movement-pamphlets, numerous petitions, lawsuits, boycotts of slave sugar
  • Britain was the first to free slaves.. Patrolled slave water for illegal slave ships
Nations and Nationalism
  • Novel form of political loyalty
  • Single language used around the nation to make the 'citizens' feel like 'citizens'
  • An aid to individual aspirations toward wider involvement in political life 
  • Usually had to do with conforming people to: a religion, culture, or way of living
Feminist Beginnings
  • Europe and North America 
  • French Rev. raised the possibility for re-creating human society on foundations of the sexes
  • National American Woman Suffrage Association claimed about 2 million members
  • In China, modernists believed that education and a higher status for women strengthened the nation

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