The First World War: European Civilization in Crisis
- Division was among European competing states
- Rivalries sharpened as nth Italy and Germany joined their fragmented territories
- Triple Alliance: Germany, Italy, Astro-Hungarian Empire
- Triple Entente: Russia, France, Britain
- Serbian nationalist assassinated the heir to the Astro-Hungarinan throne, Archduke Franz Ferdinand
Capitalism Unraveling: The Great Depression
- Most influential change of the postwar decades
- Western Capitalism was likewise failing
- Spread from America to Europe
- Germany and Austria had to make huge reparation payments
- Britain and France depended on those reparations to repay their loans
Democracy Denied: Comparing Italy, Germany, and Japan
- Democratic political ideals and their cultural values came under attack after WW1
- New political ideology known as fascism found expression across much of Europe
- German expression of European fascism .. Nazi Party under Adolf Hitler
- Extreme Nationalism, openly advocated the use of violence as a political tool
- Japan, shared features w/ Italy and Germany, but remained less repressive
- Genuinely global conflict with independent origins in both Asia and Europe
- Began in Asia before it began in Europe
- Japan was the dissatisfied power in Asia .. Germany was the dissatisfied power in Europe
- War was central to the Nazi agenda
- Deaths estimated to around 60 million, 6x that of WW1
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